SGML Entity List

• ISO Latin-1
• ISO Latin-2
• Publishing
• General Technical
• Accented Characters
• Fractions, Super/Subscripts, Punctuation
• Greek Letters
• Monotoniko Greek
• Greek Symbols
• Alternative Greek Symbols
• Relations
• Negated Relations
• Arrows
• Binary Operators
• Added Math Symbols - Operators
• Added Math Symbols - Relations
• Russian Cyrillic
• Non-Russian Cyrillic
• Box and Line Drawing

ISO Latin-1

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
á	á	á	a	small a, acute accent
Á	Á	Á	A	capital A, acute accent
â	â	â	a	small a, circumflex accent
Â	Â	Â	A	capital A, circumflex accent
à	à	à	a	small a, grave accent
À	À	À	A	capital A, grave accent
å	å	å	a	small a, ring
Å	Å	Å	A	capital A, ring
ã	ã	ã	a	small a, tilde
Ã	Ã	Ã	A	capital A, tilde
ä	ä	ä	a	small a, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ä	Ä	Ä	A	capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark
æ	æ	æ	ae	small ae diphthong (ligature)
Æ	Æ	Æ	AE	capital AE diphthong (ligature)
ç	ç	ç	c	small c, cedilla
Ç	Ç	Ç	C	capital C, cedilla
ð	ð	ð	eth	small eth, Icelandic
Ð	Ð	Ð	Eth	capital Eth, Icelandic
é	é	é	e	small e, acute accent
É	É	É	E	capital E, acute accent
ê	ê	ê	e	small e, circumflex accent
Ê	Ê	Ê	E	capital E, circumflex accent
è	è	è	e	small e, grave accent
È	È	È	E	capital E, grave accent
ë	ë	ë	e	esmall e, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ë	Ë	Ë	E	capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark
í	í	í	i	small i, acute accent
Í	Í	Í	I	capital I, acute accent
î	î	î	i	small i, circumflex accent
Î	Î	Î	I	capital I, circumflex accent
ì	ì	ì	i	ismall i, grave accent
Ì	Ì	Ì	I	capital I, grave accent
ï	ï	ï	i	small i, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ï	Ï	Ï	I	capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark
ñ	ñ	ñ	n	small n, tilde
Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	N	capital N, tilde
ó	ó	ó	o	small o, acute accent
Ó	Ó	Ó	O	capital O, acute accent
ô	ô	ô	o	small o, circumflex accent
Ô	Ô	Ô	O	capital O, circumflex accent
ò	ò	ò	o	small o, grave accent
Ò	Ò	Ò	O	capital O, grave accent
ø	ø	ø	o	small o, slash
Ø	Ø	Ø	O	capital O, slash
õ	õ	õ	o	small o, tilde
Õ	Õ	Õ	O	capital O, tilde
ö	ö	ö	o	small o, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ö	Ö	Ö	O	capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark
ß	ß	ß	ss	small sharp s, German (sz ligature)
þ	þ	þ	thorn	small thorn, Icelandic
Þ	Þ	Þ	Thorn	capital THORN, Icelandic
ú	ú	ú	u	small u, acute accent
Ú	Ú	Ú	U	capital U, acute accent
û	û	û	u	small u, circumflex accent
Û	Û	Û	U	capital U, circumflex accent
ù	ù	ù	u	small u, grave accent
Ù	Ù	Ù	U	capital U, grave accent
ü	ü	ü	u	small u, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ü	Ü	Ü	U	capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark
ý	ý	ý	y	small y, acute accent
Ý	Ý	Ý	Y	capital Y, acute accent
ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	y	small y, dieresis or umlaut mark

ISO Latin-2

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
ă	ă	ă	a	small a, breve
Ă	Ă	Ă	A	capital A, breve
ā	ā	ā	a	small a, macron
Ā	Ā	Ā	A	capital A, macron
ą	ą	ą	a	small a, ogonek
Ą	Ą	Ą	A	capital A, ogonek
ć	ć	ć	c	small c, acute accent
Ć	Ć	Ć	C	capital C, acute accent
č	č	č	c	small c, caron
Č	Č	Č	C	capital C, caron
ĉ	ĉ	ĉ	c	small c, circumflex accent
Ĉ	Ĉ	Ĉ	C	capital C, circumflex accent
ċ	ċ	ċ	c	small c, dot above
Ċ	Ċ	Ċ	C	capital C, dot above
ď	ď	ď	d	small d, caron
Ď	Ď	Ď	D	capital D, caron
đ	đ	đ	d	small d, stroke
Đ	Đ	Đ	D	capital D, stroke
ě	ě	ě	e	small e, caron
Ě	Ě	Ě	E	capital E, caron
ė	ė	ė	e	small e, dot above
Ė	Ė	Ė	E	capital E, dot above
ē	ē	ē	e	small e, macron
Ē	Ē	Ē	E	capital E, macron
ę	ę	ę	e	small e, ogonek
Ę	Ę	Ę	E	capital E, ogonek
ǵ	ǵ	ǵ	g	small g, acute accent
ğ	ğ	ğ	g	small g, breve
Ğ	Ğ	Ğ	G	capital G, breve
Ģ	Ģ	Ģ	G	capital G, cedilla
ĝ	ĝ	ĝ	g	small g, circumflex accent
Ĝ	Ĝ	Ĝ	G	capital G, circumflex accent
ġ	ġ	ġ	g	small g, dot above
Ġ	Ġ	Ġ	G	capital G, dot above
ĥ	ĥ	ĥ	h	small h, circumflex accent
Ĥ	Ĥ	Ĥ	H	capital H, circumflex accent
ħ	ħ	ħ	h	small h, stroke
Ħ	Ħ	Ħ	H	capital H, stroke
İ	İ	İ	I	capital I, dot above
Ī	Ī	Ī	I	capital I, macron
ī	ī	ī	ij	small i, macron
ij	ij	ij	ij	small ij ligature
IJ	IJ	IJ	IJ	capital IJ ligature
ı	ı	ı	i	small i, no dot
į	į	į	i	small i, ogonek
Į	Į	Į	I	capital I, ogonek
ĩ	ĩ	ĩ	ij	small i, tilde
Ĩ	Ĩ	Ĩ	I	capital I, tilde
ĵ	ĵ	ĵ	j	small j, circumflex accent
Ĵ	Ĵ	Ĵ	J	capital J, circumflex accent
ķ	ķ	ķ	k	small k, cedilla
Ķ	Ķ	Ķ	K	capital K, cedilla
ĸ	ĸ	ĸ	k	small k, Greenlandic
ĺ	ĺ	ĺ	l	small l, acute accent
Ĺ	Ĺ	Ĺ	L	capital L, acute accent
ľ	ľ	ľ	l	small l, caron
Ľ	Ľ	Ľ	L	capital L, caron
ļ	ļ	ļ	l	small l, cedilla
Ļ	Ļ	Ļ	L	capital L, cedilla
ŀ	ŀ	ŀ	l	small l, middle dot
Ŀ	Ŀ	Ŀ	L	capital L, middle dot
ł	ł	ł	l	small l, stroke
Ł	Ł	Ł	L	capital L, stroke
ń	ń	ń	n	small n, acute accent
Ń	Ń	Ń	N	capital N, acute accent
ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	eng	small eng, Lapp
Ŋ	Ŋ	Ŋ	ENG	capital ENG, Lapp
ʼn	ʼn	ʼn	n	small n, apostrophe
ň	ň	ň	n	small n, caron
Ň	Ň	Ň	N	capital N, caron
ņ	ņ	ņ	n	small n, cedilla
Ņ	Ņ	Ņ	N	capital N, cedilla
ő	ő	ő	o	small o, double acute accent
Ő	Ő	Ő	O	capital O, double acute accent
Ō	Ō	Ō	O	capital O, macron
ō	ō	ō	o	small o, macron
œ	œ	œ	oe	small oe ligature
Œ	Œ	Œ	OE	capital OE ligature
ŕ	ŕ	ŕ	r	small r, acute accent
Ŕ	Ŕ	Ŕ	R	capital R, acute accent
ř	ř	ř	r	small r, caron
Ř	Ř	Ř	R	capital R, caron
ŗ	ŗ	ŗ	r	small r, cedilla
Ŗ	Ŗ	Ŗ	R	capital R, cedilla
ś	ś	ś	s	small s, acute accent
Ś	Ś	Ś	S	capital S, acute accent
š	š	š	s	small s, caron
Š	Š	Š	S	capital S, caron
ş	ş	ş	s	small s, cedilla
Ş	Ş	Ş	S	capital S, cedilla
ŝ	ŝ	ŝ	s	small s, circumflex accent
Ŝ	Ŝ	Ŝ	S	capital S, circumflex accent
ť	ť	ť	t	small t, caron
Ť	Ť	Ť	T	capital T, caron
ţ	ţ	ţ	t	small t, cedilla
Ţ	Ţ	Ţ	T	capital T, cedilla
ŧ	ŧ	ŧ	t	small t, stroke
Ŧ	Ŧ	Ŧ	T	capital T, stroke
ŭ	ŭ	ŭ	u	small u, breve
Ŭ	Ŭ	Ŭ	U	capital U, breve
ű	ű	ű	u	small u, double acute accent
Ű	Ű	Ű	U	capital U, double acute accent
ū	ū	ū	u	small u, macron
Ū	Ū	Ū	U	capital U, macron
ų	ų	ų	u	small u, ogonek
Ų	Ų	Ų	U	capital U, ogonek
ů	ů	ů	u	small u, ring
Ů	Ů	Ů	U	capital U, ring
ũ	ũ	ũ	u	small u, tilde
Ũ	Ũ	Ũ	U	capital U, tilde
ŵ	ŵ	ŵ	w	small w, circumflex accent
Ŵ	Ŵ	Ŵ	W	capital W, circumflex accent
ŷ	ŷ	ŷ	y	small y, circumflex accent
Ŷ	Ŷ	Ŷ	Y	capital Y, circumflex accent
Ÿ	Ÿ	Ÿ	Y	capital Y, dieresis or umlaut mark
ź	ź	ź	z	small z, acute accent
Ź	Ź	Ź	Z	capital Z, acute accent
ž	ž	ž	z	small z, caron
Ž	Ž	Ž	Z	capital Z, caron
ż	ż	ż	z	small z, dot above
Ż	Ż	Ż	Z	capital Z, dot above

Publishing

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
 		 		em space
 		 		en space (1/2-em)
 		 		1/3-em space
 		 		1/4-em space
 		 		digit space (width of a number)
 		 		punctuation space (width of comma)
 		 		thin space (1/6-em)
 		 		hair space
—	—	—	-	em dash
–	–	–	-	en dash
‐	‐	‐	-	hyphen (true graphic)
␣	␣	␣		significant blank symbol
…	…	…	em leader	ellipsis (horizontal)
‥	‥	‥	..	double baseline dot (en leader)
⅓	⅓	⅓	(1/3)	fraction one-third
⅔	⅔	⅔	(2/3)	fraction two-thirds
⅕	⅕	⅕	(1/5)	fraction one-fifth
⅖	⅖	⅖	(2/5)	fraction two-fifths
⅗	⅗	⅗	(3/5)	fraction three-fifths
⅘	⅘	⅘	(4/5)	fraction four-fifths
⅙	⅙	⅙	(1/6)	fraction one-sixth
⅚	⅚	⅚	(5/6)	fraction five-sixths
℅	℅	℅	in-care-of	in-care-of symbol
█	█	█	full block	full block
▀	▀	▀	upper half block	upper half block
▄	▄	▄	lower half block	lower half block
░	░	░	25% shaded block	25% shaded block
▒	▒	▒	50% shaded block	50% shaded block
▓	▓	▓	75% shaded block	75% shaded block
▮	▮	▮	histogram marker	histogram marker
○	○	○	o	circle, open
□	□	□	square	square, open
▭	▭	▭	rectangle	rectangle, open
▵	▵	▵	triangle up	up triangle, open
▿	▿	▿	triangle down	down triangle, open
☆	⋆	⋆	small star, filled	star, open
•	•	•	*	round bullet, filled
▪	▪	▪	blacksquare, square, filled	sq bullet, filled
▴	▴	▴	black triangle	up triangle , filled
▾	▾	▾	black triangle down	down triangle , filled
◂	◂	◂	black triangle left	left triangle , filled
▸	▸	▸	black triangle right	right triangle , filled
♣	♣	♣	club suit symbol	club suit symbol
♦	♦	♦	diamond	diamond suit symbol
♥	♡	♡	heart	heart suit symbol
♠	♠	♠	spades	spades suit symbol
✠	✠	✠	maltese cross	maltese cross
†	†	†	dagger	dagger
‡	‡	‡	double dagger	double dagger
✓	✓	✓	check mark	tick, check mark
✗	✗	✗	ballot cross	ballot cross
♯	♯	♯	musical sharp	musical sharp
♭	♭	♭	musical flat	musical flat
♂	♂	♂	male symbol	male symbol
♀	♀	♀	female symbol	female symbol
☎	☎	☎	telephone symbol	telephone symbol
⌕	⌕	⌕	telephone recorder symbol	telephone recorder symbol
℗	℗	℗	sound recording copyright sign	sound recording copyright sign
⁁	⁁	⁁	insertion mark	caret (insertion mark)
‚	‚	‚	'	rising single quote, left (low)
„	„	„	"	rising double quote, left (low)
…	…	…	em leader	em leader
”	”	”	"	double quote, right (high)
’	’	’	'	single quote, right (high)
⋮	⋮	⋮	vertical ellipsis	vellipvertical ellipsis
⁃	⁃	⁃	rectangle	filled hyphen bullet rectangle
◊	◊	◊	lozenge	lozenge or total mark
◃	◃	◃	triangle left	left triangle, open
▹	▹	▹	triangle right	right triangle, open
★	★	★	bigstar	star, filled
♮	♮	♮	music natural	music natural
℞	℞	℞	Rx	pharmaceutical prescription (Rx)
✶	✶	✶	sextile	sextile (6-pointed star)
⌖	⌖	⌖	register mark or target	mark or target
⌍	⌍	⌍	downward left crop mark	left crop mark
⌌	⌌	⌌	downward right crop mark	right crop mark
⌏	⌏	⌏	upward left crop mark	left crop mark
⌎	⌎	⌎	upward right crop mark	right crop mark

General Technical

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
ℵ	ℵ	ℵ	aleph	aleph, Hebrew
∧	∧	∧	wedge	logical and
&ang90;	∟	∟	90 degree angle	right (90 degree) angle
∢	∢	∢	angle-spherical	angle-spherical
≈	≈	≈	approximately	approximate
∵	∵	∵	because	because
⊥	⊥	⊥	perpendicular	perpendicular
∩	∩	∩	intersection	intersection
≅	≅	≅	congruent with	congruent with
∮	∮	∮	contour integral operator	contour integral operator
∪	∪	∪	union or logical sum	union or logical sum
≡	≡	≡	identical with	identical with
∃	∃	∃	exists	at least one exists
∀	∀	∀	for all	for all
ƒ	ƒ	ƒ	f	function of (italic small f)
≥	≥	≥	>/=	greater-than-or-equal
∞	∞	∞	infinity	infinity
∫	∫	∫	integral	integral operator
∈	∈	∈	in	set membership
&lang;	〈	&#x3008;	<	left angle bracket
&lArr;	⇐	&#x21D0;	<--	is implied by
&le;	≤	&#x2264;	</=	less-than-or-equal
&minus;	−	&#x2212;	-	minus sign
&mnplus;	∓	&#x2213;	-/+	minus-or-plus sign
&nabla;	∇	&#x2207;	nabla	del, Hamilton operator
&ne;	≠	&#x2260;	not equal	not equal
&ni;	∋	&#x220B;	contains	contains
&or;	∨	&#x2228;	logical or	logical or
&par;	∥	&#x2225;	parallel	parallel
&part;	∂	&#x2202;	partial differential	partial differential
&permil;	‰	&#x2030;	per thousand	per thousand
&perp;	⊥	&#x22A5;	perpendicular	perpendicular
&prime;	′	&#x2032;	'	prime or minute
&Prime;	″	&#x2033;	''	double prime or second
&prop;	∝	&#x221D;	proportional, variant	is proportional to
&radic;	√	&#x221A;	radical	radical
&rang;	〉	&#x3009;	>	right angle bracket
&rArr;	⇒	&#x21D2;	-->	implies
&sim;	∼	&#x223C;	approximately	similar
&sime;	≃	&#x2243;	approximately	similar, equals
&square;	□	&#x25A1;	square	square
&sub;	⊂	&#x2282;	subset	subset or is implied by
&sube;	⊆	&#x2286;	subset, dbl equals	subset, equals
&sup;	⊃	&#x2283;	superset	superset or implies
&supe;	⊇	&#x2287;	superset, dbl equals	superset, equals
&there4;	∴	&#x2234;	therefore	therefore
&Verbar;	‖	&#x2016;	||	double vertical bar
&angst;	Å	&#x212B;	A	Angstrom (capital A, ring)
&bernou;	ℬ	&#x212C;	Bernoulli function	Bernoulli function (script capital B)
&compfn;	∘	&#x2218;	composite function	composite function (small circle)
&Dot;	¨	&#x00A8;		dieresis or umlaut mark
&DotDot;	⃜	&#x20DC;	....	four dots above
&hamilt;	ℋ	&#x210B;	H	Hamiltonian (script capital H)
&lagran;	ℒ	&#x2112;	Lgrangian	Lagrangian (script capital L)
&lowast;	∗	&#x2217;	*	low asterisk
&notin;	∉	&#x2209;	negated set membership	negated set membership
&order;	ℴ	&#x2134;	o	order of (script small o)
&phmmat;	ℳ	&#x2133;	M	physics M-matrix (script capital M)
&tdot;	⃛	&#x20DB;	...	three dots above
&tprime;	‴	&#x2034;	'''	triple prime
&wedgeq;	≙	&#x2259;	wedge	corresponds to (wedge, equals)

Accented Characters

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
´	´	´		acute accent
˘	˘	˘		breve
ˇ	ˇ	ˇ		caron
¸	¸	¸		cedilla
ˆ	^	^		circumflex accent
˝	˝	˝		double acute accent
¨	¨	¨		dieresis
˙	˙	˙		dot above
`	`	`		grave accent
¯	¯	¯		macron
˛	˛	˛		ogonek
˚	˚	˚		ring
˜	˜	˜		tilde
¨	¨	¨		umlaut mark

Fractions, Super/Subscripts, Punctuation

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
½	½	½	(1/2)	fraction one-half
½	½	½	(1/2)	fraction one-half
¼	¼	¼	(1/4)	fraction one-quarter
¾	¾	¾	(3/4)	fraction three-quarters
⅛	⅛	⅛	(1/8)	fraction one-eighth
⅜	⅜	⅜	(3/8)	fraction three-eighths
⅝	⅝	⅝	(5/8)	fraction five-eighths
⅞	⅞	⅞	(7/8)	fraction seven-eighths
¹	¹	¹	(1)	superscript one
²	²	²	(2)	superscript two
³	³	³	(3)	superscript three
+	+	+	+	plus sign
±	±	±	+/-	plus-or-minus sign
&lt;	<	&#x003C;	<	less-than sign
&equals;	=	&#x003D;	=	equals sign
&gt;	>	&#x003E;	>	greater-than sign
&divide;	÷	&#x00F7;	/	divide sign
&times;	×	&#x00D7;	x	multiply sign
&curren;	¤	&#x00A4;	currency	general currency sign
&pound;	£	&#x00A3;	pound	pound sign
&dollar;	$	&#x0024;	$	dollar sign
&cent;	¢	&#x00A2;	cent	cent sign
&yen;	¥	&#x00A5;	yen	yen sign
&num;	#	&#x0023;	#	number sign
&euro;	€	&#x20AC;	euro	euro sign
&percnt;	%	&#x0025;	%	percent sign
&amp;	&	&#x0026;	&	ampersand
&ast;	*	&#x002A;	*	asterisk
&commat;	@	&#x0040;	@	commercial at
&lsqb;	[	&#x005B;	[	left square bracket
&bsol;	\	&#x005C;	\\	reverse solidus
&rsqb;	]	&#x005D;	]	right square bracket
&lcub;	{	&#x007B;	{	left curly bracket
&horbar;	―	&#x2015;	-	horizontal bar
&verbar;	|	&#x007C;	|	vertical bar
&rcub;	}	&#x007D;	}	right curly bracket
&micro;	µ	&#x00B5;	micro	micro sign
&ohm;	Ω	&#x2126;	ohm	ohm sign
&deg;	°	&#x00B0;	degrees	degree sign
&ordm;	º	&#x00BA;	masculine	ordinal indicator, masculine
&ordf;	ª	&#x00AA;	feminine	ordinal indicator, feminine
&sect;	§	&#x00A7;	section sign	section sign
&para;	¶	&#x00B6;	paragraph sign	paragraph sign
&middot;	·	&#x00B7;	.	middle dot
&larr;	←	&#x2190;	<--	leftward arrow
&rarr;	→	&#x2192;	-->	rightward arrow
&uarr;	↑	&#x2191;	upward arrow	upward arrow
&darr;	↓	&#x2193;	downward arrow	downward arrow
&copy;	©	&#x00A9;	(c)	copyright sign
&reg;	®	&#x00AE;	(R)	registered sign
&trade;	™	&#x2122;	trade mark	trade mark sign
&brvbar;	¦	&#x00A6;	|	broken (vertical) bar
&not;	¬	&#x00AC;	not	not sign
&sung;	♪	&#x266A;	music note	music note (sung text sign)
&excl;	!	&#x0021;	!	exclamation mark
&iexcl;	¡	&#x00A1;	inverted exclamation mark	inverted exclamation mark
&quot;	"	&#x0022;	"	quotation mark
&apos;	'	&#x0027;	'	apostrophe
&lpar;	(	&#x0028;	(	left parenthesis
&rpar;	)	&#x0029;	)	right parenthesis
&comma;	,	&#x002C;	,	comma
&lowbar;	_	&#x005F;	_	low line
&hyphen;	‐	&#x2010;	-	hyphen
&period;	.	&#x002E;	.	full stop, period
&sol;	/	&#x002F;	/	solidus
&colon;	:	&#x003A;	:	colon
&semi;	;	&#x003B;	;	semicolon
&quest;	?	&#x003F;	?	question mark
&iquest;	¿	&#x00BF;	inverted question mark	inverted question mark
&laquo;	«	&#x00AB;	<<	angle quotation mark, left
&raquo;	»	&#x00BB;	>>	angle quotation mark, right
&lsquo;	‘	&#x2018;	'	single quotation mark, left
&rsquo;	’	&#x2019;	'	single quotation mark, right
&ldquo;	“	&#x201C;	"	double quotation mark, left
&rdquo;	”	&#x201D;	"	double quotation mark, right
&nbsp;		&#x00A0;		no break (required) space
&shy;	­	&#x00AD;	-	soft hyphen

Greek Letters

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
&agr;	α	α	alpha	small alpha, Greek
&Agr;	Α	Α	Alpha	capital Alpha, Greek
&bgr;	β	β	beta	small beta, Greek
&Bgr;	Β	Β	Beta	capital Beta, Greek
&ggr;	γ	γ	gamma	small gamma, Greek
&Ggr;	Γ	Γ	Gamma	capital Gamma, Greek
&dgr;	δ	δ	delta	small delta, Greek
&Dgr;	Δ	Δ	Delta	capital Delta, Greek
&egr;	ε	ε	epsilon	small epsilon, Greek
&Egr;	Ε	Ε	Epsilon	capital Epsilon, Greek
&zgr;	ζ	ζ	zeta	small zeta, Greek
&Zgr;	Ζ	Ζ	Zeta	capital Zeta, Greek
&eegr;	η	η	eta	small eta, Greek
&EEgr;	Η	Η	Eta	capital Eta, Greek
&thgr;	θ	θ	theta	small theta, Greek
&THgr;	Θ	Θ	Theta	capital Theta, Greek
&igr;	ι	ι	iota	small iota, Greek
&Igr;	Ι	Ι	Iota	capital Iota, Greek
&kgr;	κ	κ	kappa	small kappa, Greek
&Kgr;	Κ	Κ	Kappa	capital Kappa, Greek
&lgr;	λ	λ	lambda	small lambda, Greek
&Lgr;	Λ	Λ	Lambda	capital Lambda, Greek
&mgr;	μ	μ	mu	small mu, Greek
&Mgr;	Μ	Μ	mu	capital Mu, Greek
&ngr;	ν	ν	nu	small nu, Greek
&Ngr;	Ν	Ν	Nu	capital Nu, Greek
&xgr;	ξ	ξ	xi	small xi, Greek
&Xgr;	Ξ	Ξ	Xi	capital Xi, Greek
&ogr;	ο	ο	omicron	small omicron, Greek
&Ogr;	Ο	Ο	Omicron	capital Omicron, Greek
&pgr;	π	π	pi	small pi, Greek
&Pgr;	Π	Π	Pi	capital Pi, Greek
&rgr;	ρ	ρ	rho	small rho, Greek
&Rgr;	Ρ	Ρ	Rho	capital Rho, Greek
&sgr;	σ	σ	sigma	small sigma, Greek
&Sgr;	Σ	Σ	Sigma	capital Sigma, Greek
&sfgr;	ς	ς	sigma	final small sigma, Greek
&tgr;	τ	τ	tau	small tau, Greek
&Tgr;	Τ	Τ	Tau	capital Tau, Greek
&ugr;	υ	υ	upsilon	small upsilon, Greek
&Ugr;	Υ	Υ	Upsilon	capital Upsilon, Greek
&phgr;	φ	φ	phi	small phi, Greek
&PHgr;	Φ	Φ	Phi	capital Phi, Greek
&khgr;	χ	χ	chi	small chi, Greek
&KHgr;	Χ	Χ	Chi	capital Chi, Greek
&psgr;	ψ	ψ	psi	small psi, Greek
&PSgr;	Ψ	Ψ	Psi	capital Psi, Greek
&ohgr;	ω	ω	omega	small omega, Greek
&OHgr;	Ω	Ω	Omega	capital Omega, Greek

Monotoniko Greek

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
&aacgr;	ά	ά	alpha	small alpha, accent, Greek
&Aacgr;	Ά	Ά	Alpha	capital Alpha, accent, Greek
&eacgr;	έ	έ	epsilon	small epsilon, accent, Greek
&Eacgr;	Έ	Έ	Epsilon	capital Epsilon, accent, Greek
&eeacgr;	ή	ή	eta	small eta, accent, Greek
&EEacgr;	Ή	Ή	Eta	capital Eta, accent, Greek
&idigr;	ϊ	ϊ	iota	small iota, dieresis, Greek
&Idigr;	Ϊ	Ϊ	Iota	capital Iota, dieresis, Greek
&iacgr;	ί	ί	iota	small iota, accent, Greek
&Iacgr;	Ί	Ί	Iota	capital Iota, accent, Greek
&idiagr;	ΐ	ΐ	iota	small iota, dieresis, accent, Greek
&oacgr;	ό	ό	omicron	small omicron, accent, Greek
&Oacgr;	Ό	Ό	Omicron	capital Omicron, accent, Greek
&udigr;	ϋ	ϋ	upsilon	small upsilon, dieresis, Greek
&Udigr;	Ϋ	Ϋ	Upsilon	capital Upsilon, dieresis, Greek
&uacgr;	ύ	ύ	upsilon	small upsilon, accent, Greek
&Uacgr;	Ύ	Ύ	Upsilon	capital Upsilon, accent, Greek
&udiagr;	ΰ	ΰ	upsilon	small upsilon, dieresis, accent, Greek
&ohacgr;	ώ	ώ	omega	small omega, accent, Greek
&OHacgr;	Ώ	Ώ	Omega	capital Omega, accent, Greek

Greek Symbols

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
α	α	α	alpha	small alpha, Greek
β	β	β	beta	small beta, Greek
γ	γ	γ	gamma	small gamma, Greek
Γ	Γ	Γ	Gamma	capital Gamma, Greek
ϝ	Ϝ	Ϝ	digamma	digamma
δ	δ	δ	delta	small delta, Greek
Δ	Δ	Δ	Delta	capital Delta, Greek
ε	ε	ε	epsilon	small epsilon, Greek
ϵ	ɛ	ɛ	epsilon	var epsilon
&epsis;	ε	ε	epsilon	straight epsilon
ζ	ζ	ζ	zeta	small zeta, Greek
η	η	η	eta	small eta, Greek
&thetas;	θ	θ	theta	straight theta
Θ	Θ	Θ	Theta	capital Theta, Greek
ϑ	ϑ	ϑ	theta	var theta - curly or open theta
ι	ι	ι	iota	small iota, Greek
κ	κ	κ	kappa	small kappa, Greek
ϰ	ϰ	ϰ	kappa	var kappa
λ	λ	λ	lambda	small lambda, Greek
Λ	Λ	Λ	Lambda	capital Lambda, Greek
μ	μ	μ	mu	small mu, Greek
ν	ν	ν	nu	small nu, Greek
ξ	ξ	ξ	xi	small xi, Greek
Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	Xi	capital Xi, Greek
π	π	π	pi	small pi, Greek
ϖ	ϖ	ϖ	pi	varpi
Π	Π	Π	Pi	capital Pi, Greek
ρ	ρ	ρ	rho	small rho, Greek
ϱ	ϱ	ϱ	rho	var rho
σ	σ	σ	sigma	small sigma, Greek
Σ	Σ	Σ	Sigma	capital Sigma, Greek
ς	ς	ς	sigma	var sigma
τ	τ	τ	tau	small tau, Greek
υ	υ	υ	upsilon	small upsilon, Greek
ϒ	ϒ	ϒ	Upsilon	capital Upsilon, Greek
&phis;	φ	φ	phi	straight phi
Φ	Φ	Φ	Phi	capital Phi, Greek
ϕ	ϕ	ϕ	phi	var phi - curly or open phi
χ	χ	χ	chi	small chi, Greek
ψ	ψ	ψ	psi	small psi, Greek
Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	Psi	capital Psi, Greek
ω	ω	ω	omega	small omega, Greek
Ω	Ω	Ω	Omega	capital Omega, Greek

Alternative Greek Symbols

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
&b.alpha;	α	α	alpha	small alpha, Greek
&b.beta;	β	β	beta	small beta, Greek
&b.gamma;	γ	γ	gamma	small gamma, Greek
&b.Gamma;	Γ	Γ	Gamma	capital Gamma, Greek
&b.gammad;	ϝ	ϝ	digamma	digamma
&b.delta;	δ	δ	delta	small delta, Greek
&b.Delta;	Δ	Δ	Delta	capital Delta, Greek
&b.epsi;	ε	ε	epsilon	small epsilon, Greek
&b.epsiv;	ɛ	ɛ	epsilon	var epsilon
&b.epsis;	ε	ε	epsilon	straight epsilon
&b.zeta;	ζ	ζ	zeta	small zeta, Greek
&b.eta;	η	η	eta	small eta, Greek
&b.thetas;	θ	θ	theta	straight theta
&b.Theta;	Θ	Θ	Theta	capital Theta, Greek
&b.thetav;	ϑ	ϑ	theta	var theta - curly or open theta
&b.iota;	ι	ι	iota	small iota, Greek
&b.kappa;	κ	κ	kappa	small kappa, Greek
&b.kappav;	ϰ	ϰ	kappa	var kappa
&b.lambda;	λ	λ	lambda	small lambda, Greek
&b.Lambda;	Λ	Λ	Lambda	capital Lambda, Greek
&b.mu;	μ	μ	mu	small mu, Greek
&b.nu;	ν	ν	nu	small nu, Greek
&b.xi;	ξ	ξ	xi	small xi, Greek
&b.Xi;	Ξ	Ξ	Xi	capital Xi, Greek
&b.pi;	π	π	pi	small pi, Greek
&b.Pi;	Π	Π	Pi	capital Pi, Greek
&b.piv;	ϖ	ϖ	pi	var pi
&b.rho;	ρ	ρ	rho	small rho, Greek
&b.rhov;	ϱ	ϱ	rho	var rho
&b.sigma;	σ	σ	sigma	small sigma, Greek
&b.Sigma;	Σ	Σ	Sigma	capital Sigma, Greek
&b.sigmav;	ς	ς	sigma	var sigma
&b.tau;	τ	τ	tau	small tau, Greek
&b.upsi;	υ	υ	upsilon	small upsilon, Greek
&b.Upsi;	ϒ	ϒ	Upsilon	capital Upsilon, Greek
&b.phis;	φ	φ	phi	straight phi
&b.Phi;	Φ	Φ	Phi	capital Phi, Greek
&b.phiv;	ϕ	ϕ	phi	var phi - curly or open phi
&b.chi;	χ	χ	chi	small chi, Greek
&b.psi;	ψ	ψ	psi	small psi, Greek
&b.Psi;	Ψ	Ψ	Psi	capital Psi, Greek
&b.omega;	ω	ω	omega	small omega, Greek
&b.Omega;	Ω	Ω	Omega	capital Omega, Greek

Relations

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
⌉	⌉	⌉	right ceiling	right ceiling
⌋	⌋	⌋	right floor	right floor
⦔	⦔	⦔	right paren, gt	right paren, gt
⌝	⌝	⌝	upper right corner	upper right corner
⌟	⌟	⌟	downward right corner	downward right corner
⌈	⌈	⌈	left ceiling	left ceiling
⌊	⌊	⌊	left floor	left floor
⌜	⌜	⌜	upper left corner	upper left corner
⌞	⌞	⌞	downward left corner	downward left corner

Negated Relations

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
⪈	≩	≩	greater, not dbl equals	greater, not equals
≩	≩	≩	greater, not dbl equals	greater, not double equals
⋧	⋧	⋧	greater, not similar	greater, not similar
⪉	⪉	⪉	less, not approximate	less, not approximate
≨	≨	≨	less, not double equals	less, not double equals
⪇	≨	≨	less, not double equals	less, not equals
⋦	⋦	⋦	less, not similar	less, not similar
≉	≉	≉	not approximate	not approximate
≇	≇	≇	not congruent with	not congruent with
≢	≢	≢	not identical with	not identical with
≧̸	≱	≱	not greater, double equals	not greater, double equals
≱	≱	≱	not greater-than-or-equal	not greater-than-or-equal
⩾̸	≱	≱	not greater, double equals	not gt-or-eq, slanted
≯	≯	≯	not greater-than	not greater-than
≰	≰	≰	not less-than-or-equal	not less-than-or-equal
≦̸	≰	≰	not less, double equals	not less, double equals
⩽̸	≰	≰	not less, double equals	not less-or-eq, slant
≮	≮	≮	not less-than	not less-than
⋪	⋪	⋪	not left triangle	not left triangle
⋬	⋬	⋬	not l tri, eq	not left tri, equals
∤	∤	∤	nmid	nmid
∦	∦	∦	not parallel	not parallel
⊀	⊀	⊀	not precedes	not precedes
⋫	⋫	⋫	not rt triangle	not right triangle
⋭	⋭	⋭	not r tri, eq	not right tri, equals
⊁	⊁	⊁	not succeeds	not succeeds
≁	≁	≁	not similar	not similar
≄	≄	≄	not similar, equals	not similar, equals
∤	∤	∤	nshortmid	not short mid
⊄	⊄	⊄	not subset	not subset
⊈	⊈	⊈	not subset, dbl eq	not subset, equals
⫅̸	⊈	⊈	not subset, dbl eq	not subset, double equals
⊅	⊅	⊅	not superset	not superset
⫆̸	⊉	⊉	not superset, equals	not superset, double equals
⊉	⊉	⊉	not superset, equals	not superset, equals
⊬	⊬	⊬	not vertical, dash	not vertical, dash
⊭	⊭	⊭	not vertical, dbl dash	not vertical, double dash
⊯	⊯	⊯	not dbl vert, dbl dash	not double vert, double dash
⊮	⊮	⊮	not dbl vertical, dash	not double vertical, dash
⪹	⋨	⋨	precedes, not approx	precedes, not approx
⪵	⪵	⪵	precedes, not dbl eq	precedes, not double equals
⋨	⋨	⋨	precedes, not approx	precedes, not similar
⪺	⋩	⋩	succeeds, not approx	succeeds, not approx
⪶	⪶	⪶	succeeds, not dbl eq	succeeds, not double equals
⋩	⋩	⋩	succeeds, not approx	succeeds, not similar
⊊	⊊	⊊	subset, not equals	subset, not equals
⫋	⊊	⊊	subset, not equals	subset, not double equals
⊋	⊋	⊋	superset, not dbl eq	superset, not equals
⫌	⊋	⊋	superset, not dbl eq	superset, not double equals

Arrows

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
↶	↶	↶	left curved arrow	left curved arrow
↷	↷	↷	right curved arrow	right curved arrow
⇓	⇓	⇓	down double arrow	down double arrow
&darr2;	⇊	⇊	two down arrows	two down arrows
⇃	⇃	⇃	down harpoon-left	down harpoon-left
⇂	⇂	⇂	down harpoon-right	down harpoon-right
⇚	⇚	⇚	left triple arrow	left triple arrow
↞	↞	↞	two head left arrow	two head left arrow
&larr2;	⇇	⇇	two left arrows	two left arrows
↩	↩	↩	left arrow-hooked	left arrow-hooked
↫	↫	↫	left arrow-looped	left arrow-looped
↢	↢	↢	left arrow-tailed	left arrow-tailed
↽	↽	↽	left harpoon-down	left harpoon-down
↼	↼	↼	left harpoon-up	left harpoon-up
&hArr;	⇔	&#x21D4;	<-->	left&right double arrow
&harr;	↔	&#x2194;	<-->	left&right arrow
&lrarr2;	⇆	&#x21C6;	left arrow over right arrow	left arrow over right arrow
&rlarr2;	⇄	&#x21C4;	right arrow over left arrow	right arrow over left arrow
&harrw;	↭	&#x21AD;	left and right squig arrow	left&right arrow-wavy
&rlhar2;	⇌	&#x21CC;	right harpoon over left harpoon	right harp over left
&lrhar2;	⇋	&#x21CB;	left harpoon over right harpoon	left harp over right
&lsh;	↰	&#x21B0;	Lsh	Lsh
&map;	↦	&#x21A6;	mapsto	maps to
&mumap;	⊸	&#x22B8;	multimap	multi map
&nearr;	↗	&#x2197;	NE pointing arrow	near pointing arrow
&nlArr;	⇍	&#x21CD;	not implied by	not Left arrow; not implied by
&nlarr;	↚	&#x219A;	not left arrow	not left arrow
&nhArr;	⇎	&#x21CE;	not l&r dbl arr	not left&right double arrow
&nharr;	↮	&#x21AE;	not l&r arrow	not left&right arrow
&nrarr;	↛	&#x219B;	not right arrow	not right arrow
&nrArr;	⇏	&#x21CF;	not implies	not implies
&nwarr;	↖	&#x2196;	NW pointing arrow	NW pointing arrow
&olarr;	↺	&#x21BA;	left arrow in circle	left arrow in circle
&orarr;	↻	&#x21BB;	right arrow in circle	right arrow in circle
&rAarr;	⇛	&#x21DB;	right triple arrow	right triple arrow
&Rarr;	↠	&#x21A0;	two head right arrow	two head rightarrow
&rarr2;	⇉	&#x21C9;	two right arrows	two right arrows
&rarrhk;	↪	&#x21AA;	right arrow-hooked	right arrow-hooked
&rarrlp;	↬	&#x21AC;	right arrow-looped	right arrow-looped
&rarrtl;	↣	&#x21A3;	right arrow-tailed	right arrow-tailed
&rarrw;	⇝	&#x21DD;	right arrow-wavy	right arrow-wavy
&rhard;	⇁	&#x21C1;	right harpoon-down	right harpoon-down
&rharu;	⇀	&#x21C0;	right harpoon-up	right harpoon-up
&rsh;	↱	&#x21B1;	Rsh	Rsh
&drarr;	↘	&#x2198;	SE pointing arrow	downward right arrow
&dlarr;	↙	&#x2199;	SW pointing arrow	downward left arrow
&uArr;	⇑	&#x21D1;	up dbl arrow	up double arrow
&uarr2;	⇈	&#x21C8;	two up arrows	two up arrows
&vArr;	⇕	&#x21D5;	up and down dbl arrow	up&down double arrow
&varr;	↕	&#x2195;	up and down arrow	up&down arrow
&uharl;	↿	&#x21BF;	up harpoon-left	up harpoon-left
&uharr;	↾	&#x21BE;	up harp-right	up harp-right

Binary Operators

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
⌆	⌆	⌆	log and, dbl bar	logical and, double bar
⌅	⊼	⊼	logical and, bar above	logical and, bar above
⋒	⋒	⋒	dbl intersection	double intersection
⋓	⋓	⋓	dbl union	double union
⋎	⋎	⋎	curly logical or	curly logical or
⋏	⋏	⋏	curly logical and	curly logical and
⋄	⋄	⋄	open diamond	open diamond
⋇	⋇	⋇	division on times	division on times
⊺	⊺	⊺	intercal	intercal
⋋	⋋	⋋	leftthreetimes	left three times
⋉	⋉	⋉	times sign, left closed	times sign, left closed
⊟	⊟	⊟	minus sign in box	minus sign in box
⊛	⊛	⊛	asterisk in circle	asterisk in circle
⊚	⊚	⊚	open dot in circle	open dot in circle
⊝	⊝	⊝	hyphen in circle	hyphen in circle
⊙	⊙	⊙	middle dot in circle	middle dot in circle
⊖	⊖	⊖	minus sign in circle	minus sign in circle
⊕	⊕	⊕	plus sign in circle	plus sign in circle
⊘	⊘	⊘	solidus in circle	solidus in circle
⊗	⊗	⊗	multiply sign in circle	multiply sign in circle
⊞	⊞	⊞	plus sign in box	plus sign in box
∔	∔	∔	plus sign, dot above	plus sign, dot above
⋌	⋌	⋌	rightthreetimes	right threetimes
⋊	⋊	⋊	times sign, right closed	times sign, right closed
⋅	·	·	.	small middle dot
⊡	⊡	⊡	small dot in box	small dot in box
∖	∖	∖	\\	reverse solidus
⊓	⊓	⊓	square intersection	square intersection
⊔	⊔	⊔	square union	square union
⋆	⋆	⋆	small star, filled	small star, filled
⊠	⊠	⊠	multiply sign in box	multiply sign in box
⊤	⊤	⊤	inverted perpendicular	inverted perpendicular
⊎	⊎	⊎	plus sign in union	plus sign in union
≀	≀	≀	wreath product	wreath product
◯	◯	◯	large circle	large circle
▽	▽	▽	big dn tri, open	big triangle down open
△	△	△	big up tri, open	big triangle up open
∐	∐	∐	coproduct operator	coproduct operator
∏	∏	∏	product operator	product operator
∑	∑	∑	summation operator	summation operator

Added Math Symbols - Operators

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
∠	∟	∟	90 degree angle	angle
∡	∡	∡	measured angle	angle-measured
ℶ	ℶ	ℶ	beth	beth, Hebrew
‵	‵	‵	'	reverse prime
∁	∁	∁	complement	complement sign
ℸ	ℸ	ℸ	daleth	daleth, Hebrew
ℓ	ℓ	ℓ	l	cursive small l
ℷ	ℷ	ℷ	gimel	gimel, Hebrew
ℑ	ℑ	ℑ	imaginary	imaginary
ı	ı	ı	i	small i, no dot
∄	∄	∄	negated exists	negated exists
Ⓢ	Ⓢ	Ⓢ	S in circle	capital S in circle
ℏ	ℏ	ℏ	variant Planck's over 2pi	Planck's over 2pi
ℜ	ℜ	ℜ	Re	Re - real
&sbsol;	\	\	\\	short reverse solidus
&vprime;	′	′	'	prime, variant
℘	℘	℘	Weierstrass p	Weierstrass p

Added Math Symbols - Relations

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
≊	≊	≊	approximate, equals	approximate, equals
≈	≍	≍	asymptotically equal to	asymptotically equal to
≌	≌	≌	reverse congruent	reverse congruent
⋈	⋈	⋈	bowtie R	bowtie
∽	∽	∽	reverse similar	reverse similar
⋍	⋍	⋍	reverse similar	reverse similar, equals
≎	≎	≎	bumpy equals	bumpy equals
≏	≏	≏	bumpy equals, equals	bumpy equals, equals
≗	≗	≗	o=	circle, equals
≔	≔	≔	:=	colon, equals
⋞	⋞	⋞	equal to or precedes	curly equals, precedes
⋟	⋟	⋟	equal to or succeeds	curly equals, succeeds
&cupre;	≼	≼	precedes or equal to	curly precedes, equals
⊣	⊣	⊣	dash, vertical	dash, vertical
≖	≖	≖	circle on equals sign	circle on equals sign
≕	≕	≕	=:	equals, colon
≑	≑	≑	=...	equals, even dots
≐	≐	≐	equals, single dot above	equals, single dot above
≒	≒	≒	falling dots	equals, falling dots
⪖	⋝	⋝	=/>	equal-or-greater, slanted
&els;	⋜	&#x22DC;	=/<	equals-or-less, slanted
&erDot;	≓	&#x2253;	rising dots	equals, rising dots
&fork;	⋔	&#x22D4;	pitchfork	pitch fork
&frown;	⌢	&#x2322;	down curve	down curve
&gap;	≳	&#x2273;	greater, similar	greater, approximate
&gsdot;	⋗	&#x22D7;	greater than, with dot	greater than, single dot
&gE;	≧	&#x2267;	>==	greater, double equals
&gel;	⋛	&#x22DB;	>=<	greater, equals, less
&gEl;	⋛	&#x22DB;	>=<	gt, double equals, less
&Gg;	⋙	&#x22D9;	>>>	triple gtr-than
&gl;	≷	&#x2277;	><	greater, less
&gsim;	≳	&#x2273;	greater, similar	greater, similar
&Gt;	≫	&#x226B;	>>	double greater-than sign
&lap;	≲	&#x2272;	less, similar	less, approximate
&ldot;	⋖	&#x22D6;	less than, with dot	less than, with dot
&lE;	≦	&#x2266;	<==	less, double equals
&lEg;	⋚	&#x22DA;	<=>	less, double equals, greater
&leg;	⋚	&#x22DA;	<=>	less, equals, greater
&lg;	≶	&#x2276;	<>	less, greater
&Ll;	⋘	&#x22D8;	<<<	triple less-than
&lsim;	≲	&#x2272;	less, similar	less, similar
&Lt;	≪	&#x226A;	<<	double less-than sign
&ltrie;	⊴	&#x22B4;	left triangle, eq	left triangle, equals
&mid;	∣	&#x2223;	mid R:	mid
&models;	⊧	&#x22A7;	models R:	models
&pr;	≺	&#x227A;	equal to or precedes	precedes
&prap;	≾	&#x227E;	similar	precedes, approximate
&prsim;	≾	&#x227E;	similar	precedes, similar
&rtrie;	⊵	&#x22B5;	right tri, eq	right triangle , equals
&samalg;	∐	&#x2210;	coproduct operator	small amalg
&sc;	≻	&#x227B;	equal to or succeeds	succeeds
&scap;	≿	&#x227F;	succeeds, similar	succeeds, approximate
&sccue;	≽	&#x227D;	succeeds, equals	succeeds, curly equals
&sce;	≽	&#x227D;	succeeds, equals	succeeds, equals
&scsim;	≿	&#x227F;	succeeds, similar	succeeds, similar
&sfrown;	⌢	&#x2322;	down curve	small down curve
&smid;	∣	&#x2223;	shortmid R:	short mid
&smile;	⌣	&#x2323;	up curve	smile up curve
&sqsub;	⊏	&#x228F;	square subset	square subset
&sqsube;	⊑	&#x2291;	square subset, equals	square subset, equals
&sqsup;	⊐	&#x2290;	square superset	square superset
&sqsupe;	⊒	&#x2292;	square superset, eq	square superset, equals
&ssmile;	⌣	&#x2323;	up curve	small up curve
&Sub;	⋐	&#x22D0;	double subset	double subset
&subE;	⊆	&#x2286;	subset, dbl equals	subset, double equals
&Sup;	⋑	&#x22D1;	dbl superset	double superset
&supE;	⊇	&#x2287;	superset, dbl equals	superset, double equals
&thkap;		&#xE306;	thick approximate	thick approximate
&thksim;		&#xE429;	thick similar	thick similar
&trie;	≜	&#x225C;	triangle, equals	triangle, equals
&twixt;	≬	&#x226C;	between	between
&vdash;	⊢	&#x22A2;	vertical, dash	vertical, dash
&Vdash;	⊩	&#x22A9;	dbl vertical, dash	double vertical, dash
&vDash;	⊨	&#x22A8;	vertical, dbl dash	vertical, double dash
&veebar;	⊻	&#x22BB;	logical or, bar below	logical or, bar below
&vltri;	⊲	&#x22B2;	left tri, open, var	left triangle , open, var
&vprop;	∝	&#x221D;	proportional, variant	proportional, variant
&vrtri;	⊳	&#x22B3;	right tri, open, var	right triangle , open, var
&Vvdash;	⊪	&#x22AA;	triple vertical, dash	triple vertical, dash

Russian Cyrillic

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
а	а	а	small a, Cyrillic	small a, Cyrillic
А	А	А	capital A, Cyrillic	capital A, Cyrillic
б	б	б	small be, Cyrillic	small be, Cyrillic
Б	Б	Б	capital BE, Cyrillic	capital BE, Cyrillic
в	в	в	small ve, Cyrillic	small ve, Cyrillic
В	В	В	capital VE, Cyrillic	capital VE, Cyrillic
г	г	г	small ghe, Cyrillic	small ghe, Cyrillic
Г	Г	Г	capital GHE, Cyrillic	capital GHE, Cyrillic
д	д	д	small de, Cyrillic	small de, Cyrillic
Д	Д	Д	capital DE, Cyrillic	capital DE, Cyrillic
е	е	е	small ie, Cyrillic	small ie, Cyrillic
Е	Е	Е	capital IE, Cyrillic	capital IE, Cyrillic
ё	ё	ё	small io, Russian	small io, Russian
Ё	Ё	Ё	capital IO, Russian	capital IO, Russian
ж	ж	ж	small zhe, Cyrillic	small zhe, Cyrillic
Ж	Ж	Ж	capital ZHE, Cyrillic	capital ZHE, Cyrillic
з	з	з	small ze, Cyrillic	small ze, Cyrillic
З	З	З	capital ZE, Cyrillic	capital ZE, Cyrillic
и	и	и	small i, Cyrillic	small i, Cyrillic
И	И	И	capital I, Cyrillic	capital I, Cyrillic
й	й	й	small short i, Cyrillic	small short i, Cyrillic
Й	Й	Й	capital short I, Cyrillic	capital short I, Cyrillic
к	к	к	small ka, Cyrillic	small ka, Cyrillic
К	К	К	capital KA, Cyrillic	capital KA, Cyrillic
л	л	л	small el, Cyrillic	small el, Cyrillic
Л	Л	Л	capital EL, Cyrillic	capital EL, Cyrillic
м	м	м	small em, Cyrillic	small em, Cyrillic
М	М	М	capital EM, Cyrillic	capital EM, Cyrillic
н	н	н	small en, Cyrillic	small en, Cyrillic
Н	Н	Н	capital EN, Cyrillic	capital EN, Cyrillic
о	о	о	small o, Cyrillic	small o, Cyrillic
О	О	О	capital O, Cyrillic	capital O, Cyrillic
п	п	п	small pe, Cyrillic	small pe, Cyrillic
П	П	П	capital PE, Cyrillic	capital PE, Cyrillic
р	р	р	small er, Cyrillic	small er, Cyrillic
Р	Р	Р	capital ER, Cyrillic	capital ER, Cyrillic
с	с	с	small es, Cyrillic	small es, Cyrillic
С	С	С	capital ES, Cyrillic	capital ES, Cyrillic
т	т	т	small te, Cyrillic	small te, Cyrillic
Т	Т	Т	capital TE, Cyrillic	capital TE, Cyrillic
у	у	у	small u, Cyrillic	small u, Cyrillic
У	У	У	capital U, Cyrillic	capital U, Cyrillic
ф	ф	ф	small ef, Cyrillic	small ef, Cyrillic
Ф	Ф	Ф	capital EF, Cyrillic	capital EF, Cyrillic
х	х	х	small ha, Cyrillic	small ha, Cyrillic
Х	Х	Х	capital HA, Cyrillic	capital HA, Cyrillic
ц	ц	ц	small tse, Cyrillic	small tse, Cyrillic
Ц	Ц	Ц	capital TSE, Cyrillic	capital TSE, Cyrillic
ч	ч	ч	small che, Cyrillic	small che, Cyrillic
Ч	Ч	Ч	capital CHE, Cyrillic	capital CHE, Cyrillic
ш	ш	ш	small sha, Cyrillic	small sha, Cyrillic
Ш	Ш	Ш	capital SHA, Cyrillic	capital SHA, Cyrillic
щ	щ	щ	small shcha, Cyrillic	small shcha, Cyrillic
Щ	Щ	Щ	capital SHCHA, Cyrillic	capital SHCHA, Cyrillic
ъ	ъ	ъ	small hard sign, Cyrillic	small hard sign, Cyrillic
Ъ	Ъ	Ъ	capital HARD sign, Cyrillic	capital HARD sign, Cyrillic
ы	ы	ы	small yeru, Cyrillic	small yeru, Cyrillic
Ы	Ы	Ы	capital YERU, Cyrillic	capital YERU, Cyrillic
ь	ь	ь	small soft sign, Cyrillic	small soft sign, Cyrillic
Ь	Ь	Ь	capital SOFT sign, Cyrillic	capital SOFT sign, Cyrillic
э	э	э	small e, Cyrillic	small e, Cyrillic
Э	Э	Э	capital E, Cyrillic	capital E, Cyrillic
ю	ю	ю	small yu, Cyrillic	small yu, Cyrillic
Ю	Ю	Ю	capital YU, Cyrillic	capital YU, Cyrillic
я	я	я	small ya, Cyrillic	small ya, Cyrillic
Я	Я	Я	capital YA, Cyrillic	capital YA, Cyrillic
№	№	№	numero sign	numero sign

Non-Russian Cyrillic

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
ђ	ђ	ђ	small dje, Serbian	small dje, Serbian
Ђ	Ђ	Ђ	capital DJE, Serbian	capital DJE, Serbian
ѓ	ѓ	ѓ	small gje, Macedonian	small gje, Macedonian
Ѓ	Ѓ	Ѓ	capital GJE Macedonian	capital GJE Macedonian
є	є	є	small je, Ukrainian	small je, Ukrainian
Є	Є	Є	capital JE, Ukrainian	capital JE, Ukrainian
ѕ	ѕ	ѕ	small dse, Macedonian	small dse, Macedonian
Ѕ	Ѕ	Ѕ	capital DSE, Macedonian	capital DSE, Macedonian
і	і	і	small i, Ukrainian	small i, Ukrainian
І	І	І	capital I, Ukrainian	capital I, Ukrainian
ї	ї	ї	small yi, Ukrainian	small yi, Ukrainian
Ї	Ї	Ї	capital YI, Ukrainian	capital YI, Ukrainian
ј	ј	ј	small je, Serbian	small je, Serbian
Ј	Ј	Ј	capital JE, Serbian	capital JE, Serbian
љ	љ	љ	small lje, Serbian	small lje, Serbian
Љ	Љ	Љ	capital LJE, Serbian	capital LJE, Serbian
њ	њ	њ	small nje, Serbian	small nje, Serbian
Њ	Њ	Њ	capital NJE, Serbian	capital NJE, Serbian
ћ	ћ	ћ	small tshe, Serbian	small tshe, Serbian
Ћ	Ћ	Ћ	capital TSHE, Serbian	capital TSHE, Serbian
ќ	ќ	ќ	small kje Macedonian	small kje Macedonian
Ќ	Ќ	Ќ	capital KJE, Macedonian	capital KJE, Macedonian
ў	ў	ў	small u, Byelorussian	small u, Byelorussian
Ў	Ў	Ў	capital U, Byelorussian	capital U, Byelorussian
џ	џ	џ	small dze, Serbian	small dze, Serbian
Џ	Џ	Џ	capital dze, Serbian	capital dze, Serbian

Box and Line Drawing

Entity	Special Characters	Unicode	PubMed Displays as	Meaning
─	─	─	horizontal line	horizontal line
│	│	│	vertical line	vertical line
└	└	└	upper right quadrant	upper right quadrant
┘	┘	┘	upper left quadrant	upper left quadrant
┐	┐	┐	lower left quadrant	lower left quadrant
┌	┌	┌	lower right quadrant	lower right quadrant
├	├	├	upper and lower right quadrants	upper and lower right quadrants
┴	┴	┴	upper left and right quadrants	upper left and right quadrants
┤	┤	┤	upper and lower left quadrants	upper and lower left quadrants
┬	┬	┬	lower left and right quadrants	lower left and right quadrants
┼	┼	┼	all four quadrants	all four quadrants
╞	╞	╞	upper and lower right quadrants	upper and lower right quadrants
╨	╨	╨	upper left and right quadrants	upper left and right quadrants
╡	╡	╡	upper and lower left quadrants	upper and lower left quadrants
╥	╥	╥	lower left and right quadrants	lower left and right quadrants
╪	╪	╪	all four quadrants	all four quadrants
═	═	═	horizontal line	horizontal line
║	║	║	vertical line	vertical line
╚	╚	╚	upper right quadrant	upper right quadrant
╝	╝	╝	upper left quadrant	upper left quadrant
╗	╗	╗	lower left quadrant	lower left quadrant
╔	╔	╔	lower right quadrant	lower right quadrant
╠	╠	╠	upper and lower right quadrants	upper and lower right quadrants
╩	╩	╩	upper left and right quadrants	upper left and right quadrants
╣	╣	╣	upper and lower left quadrants	upper and lower left quadrants
╦	╦	╦	lower left and right quadrants	lower left and right quadrants
╬	╬	╬	all four quadrants	all four quadrants
╟	╟	╟	upper and lower right quadrants	upper and lower right quadrants
╧	╧	╧	upper left and right quadrants	upper left and right quadrants
╢	╢	╢	upper and lower left quadrants	upper and lower left quadrants
╤	╤	╤	lower left and right quadrants	lower left and right quadrants
╫	╫	╫	all four quadrants	all four quadrants
╘	╘	╘	upper right quadrant	upper right quadrant
╜	╜	╜	upper left quadrant	upper left quadrant
╕	╕	╕	lower left quadrant	lower left quadrant
╓	╓	╓	lower right quadrant	lower right quadrant
╙	╙	╙	upper right quadrant	upper right quadrant
╛	╛	╛	upper left quadrant	upper left quadrant
╖	╖	╖	lower left quadrant	lower left quadrant
╒	╒	╒	lower right quadrant	lower right quadrant