Entity | Special Characters | Unicode | PubMed Displays as | Meaning |
á | á | á | a | small a, acute accent |
Á | Á | Á | A | capital A, acute accent |
â | â | â | a | small a, circumflex accent |
 |  |  | A | capital A, circumflex accent |
à | à | à | a | small a, grave accent |
À | À | À | A | capital A, grave accent |
å | å | å | a | small a, ring |
Å | Å | Å | A | capital A, ring |
ã | ã | ã | a | small a, tilde |
à | à | à | A | capital A, tilde |
ä | ä | ä | a | small a, dieresis or umlaut mark |
Ä | Ä | Ä | A | capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark |
æ | æ | æ | ae | small ae diphthong (ligature) |
Æ | Æ | Æ | AE | capital AE diphthong (ligature) |
ç | ç | ç | c | small c, cedilla |
Ç | Ç | Ç | C | capital C, cedilla |
ð | ð | ð | eth | small eth, Icelandic |
Ð | Ð | Ð | Eth | capital Eth, Icelandic |
é | é | é | e | small e, acute accent |
É | É | É | E | capital E, acute accent |
ê | ê | ê | e | small e, circumflex accent |
Ê | Ê | Ê | E | capital E, circumflex accent |
è | è | è | e | small e, grave accent |
È | È | È | E | capital E, grave accent |
ë | ë | ë | e | esmall e, dieresis or umlaut mark |
Ë | Ë | Ë | E | capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark |
í | í | í | i | small i, acute accent |
Í | Í | Í | I | capital I, acute accent |
î | î | î | i | small i, circumflex accent |
Î | Î | Î | I | capital I, circumflex accent |
ì | ì | ì | i | ismall i, grave accent |
Ì | Ì | Ì | I | capital I, grave accent |
ï | ï | ï | i | small i, dieresis or umlaut mark |
Ï | Ï | Ï | I | capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark |
ñ | ñ | ñ | n | small n, tilde |
Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | N | capital N, tilde |
ó | ó | ó | o | small o, acute accent |
Ó | Ó | Ó | O | capital O, acute accent |
ô | ô | ô | o | small o, circumflex accent |
Ô | Ô | Ô | O | capital O, circumflex accent |
ò | ò | ò | o | small o, grave accent |
Ò | Ò | Ò | O | capital O, grave accent |
ø | ø | ø | o | small o, slash |
Ø | Ø | Ø | O | capital O, slash |
õ | õ | õ | o | small o, tilde |
Õ | Õ | Õ | O | capital O, tilde |
ö | ö | ö | o | small o, dieresis or umlaut mark |
Ö | Ö | Ö | O | capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark |
ß | ß | ß | ss | small sharp s, German (sz ligature) |
þ | þ | þ | thorn | small thorn, Icelandic |
Þ | Þ | Þ | Thorn | capital THORN, Icelandic |
ú | ú | ú | u | small u, acute accent |
Ú | Ú | Ú | U | capital U, acute accent |
û | û | û | u | small u, circumflex accent |
Û | Û | Û | U | capital U, circumflex accent |
ù | ù | ù | u | small u, grave accent |
Ù | Ù | Ù | U | capital U, grave accent |
ü | ü | ü | u | small u, dieresis or umlaut mark |
Ü | Ü | Ü | U | capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark |
ý | ý | ý | y | small y, acute accent |
Ý | Ý | Ý | Y | capital Y, acute accent |
ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | y | small y, dieresis or umlaut mark |
Entity | Special Characters | Unicode | PubMed Displays as | Meaning |
ă | ă | ă | a | small a, breve |
Ă | Ă | Ă | A | capital A, breve |
ā | ā | ā | a | small a, macron |
Ā | Ā | Ā | A | capital A, macron |
ą | ą | ą | a | small a, ogonek |
Ą | Ą | Ą | A | capital A, ogonek |
ć | ć | ć | c | small c, acute accent |
Ć | Ć | Ć | C | capital C, acute accent |
č | č | č | c | small c, caron |
Č | Č | Č | C | capital C, caron |
ĉ | ĉ | ĉ | c | small c, circumflex accent |
Ĉ | Ĉ | Ĉ | C | capital C, circumflex accent |
ċ | ċ | ċ | c | small c, dot above |
Ċ | Ċ | Ċ | C | capital C, dot above |
ď | ď | ď | d | small d, caron |
Ď | Ď | Ď | D | capital D, caron |
đ | đ | đ | d | small d, stroke |
Đ | Đ | Đ | D | capital D, stroke |
ě | ě | ě | e | small e, caron |
Ě | Ě | Ě | E | capital E, caron |
ė | ė | ė | e | small e, dot above |
Ė | Ė | Ė | E | capital E, dot above |
ē | ē | ē | e | small e, macron |
Ē | Ē | Ē | E | capital E, macron |
ę | ę | ę | e | small e, ogonek |
Ę | Ę | Ę | E | capital E, ogonek |
ǵ | ǵ | ǵ | g | small g, acute accent |
ğ | ğ | ğ | g | small g, breve |
Ğ | Ğ | Ğ | G | capital G, breve |
Ģ | Ģ | Ģ | G | capital G, cedilla |
ĝ | ĝ | ĝ | g | small g, circumflex accent |
Ĝ | Ĝ | Ĝ | G | capital G, circumflex accent |
ġ | ġ | ġ | g | small g, dot above |
Ġ | Ġ | Ġ | G | capital G, dot above |
ĥ | ĥ | ĥ | h | small h, circumflex accent |
Ĥ | Ĥ | Ĥ | H | capital H, circumflex accent |
ħ | ħ | ħ | h | small h, stroke |
Ħ | Ħ | Ħ | H | capital H, stroke |
İ | İ | İ | I | capital I, dot above |
Ī | Ī | Ī | I | capital I, macron |
ī | ī | ī | ij | small i, macron |
ij | ij | ij | ij | small ij ligature |
IJ | IJ | IJ | IJ | capital IJ ligature |
ı | ı | ı | i | small i, no dot |
į | į | į | i | small i, ogonek |
Į | Į | Į | I | capital I, ogonek |
ĩ | ĩ | ĩ | ij | small i, tilde |
Ĩ | Ĩ | Ĩ | I | capital I, tilde |
ĵ | ĵ | ĵ | j | small j, circumflex accent |
Ĵ | Ĵ | Ĵ | J | capital J, circumflex accent |
ķ | ķ | ķ | k | small k, cedilla |
Ķ | Ķ | Ķ | K | capital K, cedilla |
ĸ | ĸ | ĸ | k | small k, Greenlandic |
ĺ | ĺ | ĺ | l | small l, acute accent |
Ĺ | Ĺ | Ĺ | L | capital L, acute accent |
ľ | ľ | ľ | l | small l, caron |
Ľ | Ľ | Ľ | L | capital L, caron |
ļ | ļ | ļ | l | small l, cedilla |
Ļ | Ļ | Ļ | L | capital L, cedilla |
ŀ | ŀ | ŀ | l | small l, middle dot |
Ŀ | Ŀ | Ŀ | L | capital L, middle dot |
ł | ł | ł | l | small l, stroke |
Ł | Ł | Ł | L | capital L, stroke |
ń | ń | ń | n | small n, acute accent |
Ń | Ń | Ń | N | capital N, acute accent |
ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | eng | small eng, Lapp |
Ŋ | Ŋ | Ŋ | ENG | capital ENG, Lapp |
ʼn | ʼn | ʼn | n | small n, apostrophe |
ň | ň | ň | n | small n, caron |
Ň | Ň | Ň | N | capital N, caron |
ņ | ņ | ņ | n | small n, cedilla |
Ņ | Ņ | Ņ | N | capital N, cedilla |
ő | ő | ő | o | small o, double acute accent |
Ő | Ő | Ő | O | capital O, double acute accent |
Ō | Ō | Ō | O | capital O, macron |
ō | ō | ō | o | small o, macron |
œ | œ | œ | oe | small oe ligature |
Œ | Œ | Œ | OE | capital OE ligature |
ŕ | ŕ | ŕ | r | small r, acute accent |
Ŕ | Ŕ | Ŕ | R | capital R, acute accent |
ř | ř | ř | r | small r, caron |
Ř | Ř | Ř | R | capital R, caron |
ŗ | ŗ | ŗ | r | small r, cedilla |
Ŗ | Ŗ | Ŗ | R | capital R, cedilla |
ś | ś | ś | s | small s, acute accent |
Ś | Ś | Ś | S | capital S, acute accent |
š | š | š | s | small s, caron |
Š | Š | Š | S | capital S, caron |
ş | ş | ş | s | small s, cedilla |
Ş | Ş | Ş | S | capital S, cedilla |
ŝ | ŝ | ŝ | s | small s, circumflex accent |
Ŝ | Ŝ | Ŝ | S | capital S, circumflex accent |
ť | ť | ť | t | small t, caron |
Ť | Ť | Ť | T | capital T, caron |
ţ | ţ | ţ | t | small t, cedilla |
Ţ | Ţ | Ţ | T | capital T, cedilla |
ŧ | ŧ | ŧ | t | small t, stroke |
Ŧ | Ŧ | Ŧ | T | capital T, stroke |
ŭ | ŭ | ŭ | u | small u, breve |
Ŭ | Ŭ | Ŭ | U | capital U, breve |
ű | ű | ű | u | small u, double acute accent |
Ű | Ű | Ű | U | capital U, double acute accent |
ū | ū | ū | u | small u, macron |
Ū | Ū | Ū | U | capital U, macron |
ų | ų | ų | u | small u, ogonek |
Ų | Ų | Ų | U | capital U, ogonek |
ů | ů | ů | u | small u, ring |
Ů | Ů | Ů | U | capital U, ring |
ũ | ũ | ũ | u | small u, tilde |
Ũ | Ũ | Ũ | U | capital U, tilde |
ŵ | ŵ | ŵ | w | small w, circumflex accent |
Ŵ | Ŵ | Ŵ | W | capital W, circumflex accent |
ŷ | ŷ | ŷ | y | small y, circumflex accent |
Ŷ | Ŷ | Ŷ | Y | capital Y, circumflex accent |
Ÿ | Ÿ | Ÿ | Y | capital Y, dieresis or umlaut mark |
ź | ź | ź | z | small z, acute accent |
Ź | Ź | Ź | Z | capital Z, acute accent |
ž | ž | ž | z | small z, caron |
Ž | Ž | Ž | Z | capital Z, caron |
ż | ż | ż | z | small z, dot above |
Ż | Ż | Ż | Z | capital Z, dot above |
Entity | Special Characters | Unicode | PubMed Displays as | Meaning |
  | |   | | em space |
  | |   | | en space (1/2-em) |
  | |   | | 1/3-em space |
  | |   | | 1/4-em space |
  | |   | | digit space (width of a number) |
  | |   | | punctuation space (width of comma) |
  | |   | | thin space (1/6-em) |
  | |   | | hair space |
— | — | — | - | em dash |
– | – | – | - | en dash |
‐ | ‐ | ‐ | - | hyphen (true graphic) |
␣ | ␣ | ␣ | | significant blank symbol |
… | … | … | em leader | ellipsis (horizontal) |
‥ | ‥ | ‥ | .. | double baseline dot (en leader) |
⅓ | ⅓ | ⅓ | (1/3) | fraction one-third |
⅔ | ⅔ | ⅔ | (2/3) | fraction two-thirds |
⅕ | ⅕ | ⅕ | (1/5) | fraction one-fifth |
⅖ | ⅖ | ⅖ | (2/5) | fraction two-fifths |
⅗ | ⅗ | ⅗ | (3/5) | fraction three-fifths |
⅘ | ⅘ | ⅘ | (4/5) | fraction four-fifths |
⅙ | ⅙ | ⅙ | (1/6) | fraction one-sixth |
⅚ | ⅚ | ⅚ | (5/6) | fraction five-sixths |
℅ | ℅ | ℅ | in-care-of | in-care-of symbol |
█ | █ | █ | full block | full block |
▀ | ▀ | ▀ | upper half block | upper half block |
▄ | ▄ | ▄ | lower half block | lower half block |
░ | ░ | ░ | 25% shaded block | 25% shaded block |
▒ | ▒ | ▒ | 50% shaded block | 50% shaded block |
▓ | ▓ | ▓ | 75% shaded block | 75% shaded block |
▮ | ▮ | ▮ | histogram marker | histogram marker |
○ | ○ | ○ | o | circle, open |
□ | □ | □ | square | square, open |
▭ | ▭ | ▭ | rectangle | rectangle, open |
▵ | ▵ | ▵ | triangle up | up triangle, open |
▿ | ▿ | ▿ | triangle down | down triangle, open |
☆ | ⋆ | ⋆ | small star, filled | star, open |
• | • | • | * | round bullet, filled |
▪ | ▪ | ▪ | blacksquare, square, filled | sq bullet, filled |
▴ | ▴ | ▴ | black triangle | up triangle , filled |
▾ | ▾ | ▾ | black triangle down | down triangle , filled |
◂ | ◂ | ◂ | black triangle left | left triangle , filled |
▸ | ▸ | ▸ | black triangle right | right triangle , filled |
♣ | ♣ | ♣ | club suit symbol | club suit symbol |
♦ | ♦ | ♦ | diamond | diamond suit symbol |
♥ | ♡ | ♡ | heart | heart suit symbol |
♠ | ♠ | ♠ | spades | spades suit symbol |
✠ | ✠ | ✠ | maltese cross | maltese cross |
† | † | † | dagger | dagger |
‡ | ‡ | ‡ | double dagger | double dagger |
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | check mark | tick, check mark |
✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ballot cross | ballot cross |
♯ | ♯ | ♯ | musical sharp | musical sharp |
♭ | ♭ | ♭ | musical flat | musical flat |
♂ | ♂ | ♂ | male symbol | male symbol |
♀ | ♀ | ♀ | female symbol | female symbol |
☎ | ☎ | ☎ | telephone symbol | telephone symbol |
⌕ | ⌕ | ⌕ | telephone recorder symbol | telephone recorder symbol |
℗ | ℗ | ℗ | sound recording copyright sign | sound recording copyright sign |
⁁ | ⁁ | ⁁ | insertion mark | caret (insertion mark) |
‚ | ‚ | ‚ | ' | rising single quote, left (low) |
„ | „ | „ | " | rising double quote, left (low) |
… | … | … | em leader | em leader |
” | ” | ” | " | double quote, right (high) |
’ | ’ | ’ | ' | single quote, right (high) |
⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | vertical ellipsis | vellipvertical ellipsis |
⁃ | ⁃ | ⁃ | rectangle | filled hyphen bullet rectangle |
◊ | ◊ | ◊ | lozenge | lozenge or total mark |
◃ | ◃ | ◃ | triangle left | left triangle, open |
▹ | ▹ | ▹ | triangle right | right triangle, open |
★ | ★ | ★ | bigstar | star, filled |
♮ | ♮ | ♮ | music natural | music natural |
℞ | ℞ | ℞ | Rx | pharmaceutical prescription (Rx) |
✶ | ✶ | ✶ | sextile | sextile (6-pointed star) |
⌖ | ⌖ | ⌖ | register mark or target | mark or target |
⌍ | ⌍ | ⌍ | downward left crop mark | left crop mark |
⌌ | ⌌ | ⌌ | downward right crop mark | right crop mark |
⌏ | ⌏ | ⌏ | upward left crop mark | left crop mark |
⌎ | ⌎ | ⌎ | upward right crop mark | right crop mark |
Entity | Special Characters | Unicode | PubMed Displays as | Meaning |
ℵ | ℵ | ℵ | aleph | aleph, Hebrew |
∧ | ∧ | ∧ | wedge | logical and |
&ang90; | ∟ | ∟ | 90 degree angle | right (90 degree) angle |
∢ | ∢ | ∢ | angle-spherical | angle-spherical |
≈ | ≈ | ≈ | approximately | approximate |
∵ | ∵ | ∵ | because | because |
⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | perpendicular | perpendicular |
∩ | ∩ | ∩ | intersection | intersection |
≅ | ≅ | ≅ | congruent with | congruent with |
∮ | ∮ | ∮ | contour integral operator | contour integral operator |
∪ | ∪ | ∪ | union or logical sum | union or logical sum |
≡ | ≡ | ≡ | identical with | identical with |
∃ | ∃ | ∃ | exists | at least one exists |
∀ | ∀ | ∀ | for all | for all |
ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | f | function of (italic small f) |
≥ | ≥ | ≥ | >/= | greater-than-or-equal |
∞ | ∞ | ∞ | infinity | infinity |
∫ | ∫ | ∫ | integral | integral operator |
∈ | ∈ | ∈ | in | set membership |
⟨ | 〈 | 〈 | < | left angle bracket |
⇐ | ⇐ | ⇐ | <-- | is implied by |
≤ | ≤ | ≤ | </= | less-than-or-equal |
− | − | − | - | minus sign |
∓ | ∓ | ∓ | -/+ | minus-or-plus sign |
∇ | ∇ | ∇ | nabla | del, Hamilton operator |
≠ | ≠ | ≠ | not equal | not equal |
∋ | ∋ | ∋ | contains | contains |
∨ | ∨ | ∨ | logical or | logical or |
∥ | ∥ | ∥ | parallel | parallel |
∂ | ∂ | ∂ | partial differential | partial differential |
‰ | ‰ | ‰ | per thousand | per thousand |
⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | perpendicular | perpendicular |
′ | ′ | ′ | ' | prime or minute |
″ | ″ | ″ | '' | double prime or second |
∝ | ∝ | ∝ | proportional, variant | is proportional to |
√ | √ | √ | radical | radical |
⟩ | 〉 | 〉 | > | right angle bracket |
⇒ | ⇒ | ⇒ | --> | implies |
∼ | ∼ | ∼ | approximately | similar |
≃ | ≃ | ≃ | approximately | similar, equals |
□ | □ | □ | square | square |
⊂ | ⊂ | ⊂ | subset | subset or is implied by |
⊆ | ⊆ | ⊆ | subset, dbl equals | subset, equals |
⊃ | ⊃ | ⊃ | superset | superset or implies |
⊇ | ⊇ | ⊇ | superset, dbl equals | superset, equals |
∴ | ∴ | ∴ | therefore | therefore |
‖ | ‖ | ‖ | || | double vertical bar |
Å | Å | Å | A | Angstrom (capital A, ring) |
ℬ | ℬ | ℬ | Bernoulli function | Bernoulli function (script capital B) |
∘ | ∘ | ∘ | composite function | composite function (small circle) |
¨ | ¨ | ¨ | | dieresis or umlaut mark |
⃜ | ⃜ | ⃜ | .... | four dots above |
ℋ | ℋ | ℋ | H | Hamiltonian (script capital H) |
ℒ | ℒ | ℒ | Lgrangian | Lagrangian (script capital L) |
∗ | ∗ | ∗ | * | low asterisk |
∉ | ∉ | ∉ | negated set membership | negated set membership |
ℴ | ℴ | ℴ | o | order of (script small o) |
ℳ | ℳ | ℳ | M | physics M-matrix (script capital M) |
⃛ | ⃛ | ⃛ | ... | three dots above |
‴ | ‴ | ‴ | ''' | triple prime |
≙ | ≙ | ≙ | wedge | corresponds to (wedge, equals) |
Entity | Special Characters | Unicode | PubMed Displays as | Meaning |
½ | ½ | ½ | (1/2) | fraction one-half |
½ | ½ | ½ | (1/2) | fraction one-half |
¼ | ¼ | ¼ | (1/4) | fraction one-quarter |
¾ | ¾ | ¾ | (3/4) | fraction three-quarters |
⅛ | ⅛ | ⅛ | (1/8) | fraction one-eighth |
⅜ | ⅜ | ⅜ | (3/8) | fraction three-eighths |
⅝ | ⅝ | ⅝ | (5/8) | fraction five-eighths |
⅞ | ⅞ | ⅞ | (7/8) | fraction seven-eighths |
¹ | ¹ | ¹ | (1) | superscript one |
² | ² | ² | (2) | superscript two |
³ | ³ | ³ | (3) | superscript three |
+ | + | + | + | plus sign |
± | ± | ± | +/- | plus-or-minus sign |
< | < | < | < | less-than sign |
= | = | = | = | equals sign |
> | > | > | > | greater-than sign |
÷ | ÷ | ÷ | / | divide sign |
× | × | × | x | multiply sign |
¤ | ¤ | ¤ | currency | general currency sign |
£ | £ | £ | pound | pound sign |
$ | $ | $ | $ | dollar sign |
¢ | ¢ | ¢ | cent | cent sign |
¥ | ¥ | ¥ | yen | yen sign |
# | # | # | # | number sign |
€ | € | € |
euro |
euro sign |
% | % | % | % | percent sign |
& | & | & | & | ampersand |
* | * | * | * | asterisk |
@ | @ | @ | @ | commercial at |
[ | [ | [ | [ | left square bracket |
\ | \ | \ | \\ | reverse solidus |
] | ] | ] | ] | right square bracket |
{ | { | { | { | left curly bracket |
― | ― | ― | - | horizontal bar |
| | | | | | | | vertical bar |
} | } | } | } | right curly bracket |
µ | µ | µ | micro | micro sign |
Ω | Ω | Ω | ohm | ohm sign |
° | ° | ° | degrees | degree sign |
º | º | º | masculine | ordinal indicator, masculine |
ª | ª | ª | feminine | ordinal indicator, feminine |
§ | § | § | section sign | section sign |
¶ | ¶ | ¶ | paragraph sign | paragraph sign |
· | · | · | . | middle dot |
← | ← | ← | <-- | leftward arrow |
→ | → | → | --> | rightward arrow |
↑ | ↑ | ↑ | upward arrow | upward arrow |
↓ | ↓ | ↓ | downward arrow | downward arrow |
© | © | © | (c) | copyright sign |
® | ® | ® | (R) | registered sign |
™ | ™ | ™ | trade mark | trade mark sign |
¦ | ¦ | ¦ | | | broken (vertical) bar |
¬ | ¬ | ¬ | not | not sign |
♪ | ♪ | ♪ | music note | music note (sung text sign) |
! | ! | ! | ! | exclamation mark |
¡ | ¡ | ¡ | inverted exclamation mark | inverted exclamation mark |
" | " | " | " | quotation mark |
' | ' | ' | ' | apostrophe |
( | ( | ( | ( | left parenthesis |
) | ) | ) | ) | right parenthesis |
, | , | , | , | comma |
_ | _ | _ | _ | low line |
‐ | ‐ | ‐ | - | hyphen |
. | . | . | . | full stop, period |
/ | / | / | / | solidus |
: | : | : | : | colon |
; | ; | ; | ; | semicolon |
? | ? | ? | ? | question mark |
¿ | ¿ | ¿ | inverted question mark | inverted question mark |
« | « | « | << | angle quotation mark, left |
» | » | » | >> | angle quotation mark, right |
‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ' | single quotation mark, left |
’ | ’ | ’ | ' | single quotation mark, right |
“ | “ | “ | " | double quotation mark, left |
” | ” | ” | " | double quotation mark, right |
| |   | | no break (required) space |
­ | | ­ | - | soft hyphen |
Entity | Special Characters | Unicode | PubMed Displays as | Meaning |
&aacgr; | ά | ά | alpha | small alpha, accent, Greek |
&Aacgr; | Ά | Ά | Alpha | capital Alpha, accent, Greek |
&eacgr; | έ | έ | epsilon | small epsilon, accent, Greek |
&Eacgr; | Έ | Έ | Epsilon | capital Epsilon, accent, Greek |
&eeacgr; | ή | ή | eta | small eta, accent, Greek |
&EEacgr; | Ή | Ή | Eta | capital Eta, accent, Greek |
&idigr; | ϊ | ϊ | iota | small iota, dieresis, Greek |
&Idigr; | Ϊ | Ϊ | Iota | capital Iota, dieresis, Greek |
&iacgr; | ί | ί | iota | small iota, accent, Greek |
&Iacgr; | Ί | Ί | Iota | capital Iota, accent, Greek |
&idiagr; | ΐ | ΐ | iota | small iota, dieresis, accent, Greek |
&oacgr; | ό | ό | omicron | small omicron, accent, Greek |
&Oacgr; | Ό | Ό | Omicron | capital Omicron, accent, Greek |
&udigr; | ϋ | ϋ | upsilon | small upsilon, dieresis, Greek |
&Udigr; | Ϋ | Ϋ | Upsilon | capital Upsilon, dieresis, Greek |
&uacgr; | ύ | ύ | upsilon | small upsilon, accent, Greek |
&Uacgr; | Ύ | Ύ | Upsilon | capital Upsilon, accent, Greek |
&udiagr; | ΰ | ΰ | upsilon | small upsilon, dieresis, accent, Greek |
&ohacgr; | ώ | ώ | omega | small omega, accent, Greek |
&OHacgr; | Ώ | Ώ | Omega | capital Omega, accent, Greek |
Entity | Special Characters | Unicode | PubMed Displays as | Meaning |
⪈ | ≩ | ≩ | greater, not dbl equals | greater, not equals |
≩ | ≩ | ≩ | greater, not dbl equals | greater, not double equals |
⋧ | ⋧ | ⋧ | greater, not similar | greater, not similar |
⪉ | ⪉ | ⪉ | less, not approximate | less, not approximate |
≨ | ≨ | ≨ | less, not double equals | less, not double equals |
⪇ | ≨ | ≨ | less, not double equals | less, not equals |
⋦ | ⋦ | ⋦ | less, not similar | less, not similar |
≉ | ≉ | ≉ | not approximate | not approximate |
≇ | ≇ | ≇ | not congruent with | not congruent with |
≢ | ≢ | ≢ | not identical with | not identical with |
≧̸ | ≱ | ≱ | not greater, double equals | not greater, double equals |
≱ | ≱ | ≱ | not greater-than-or-equal | not greater-than-or-equal |
⩾̸ | ≱ | ≱ | not greater, double equals | not gt-or-eq, slanted |
≯ | ≯ | ≯ | not greater-than | not greater-than |
≰ | ≰ | ≰ | not less-than-or-equal | not less-than-or-equal |
≦̸ | ≰ | ≰ | not less, double equals | not less, double equals |
⩽̸ | ≰ | ≰ | not less, double equals | not less-or-eq, slant |
≮ | ≮ | ≮ | not less-than | not less-than |
⋪ | ⋪ | ⋪ | not left triangle | not left triangle |
⋬ | ⋬ | ⋬ | not l tri, eq | not left tri, equals |
∤ | ∤ | ∤ | nmid | nmid |
∦ | ∦ | ∦ | not parallel | not parallel |
⊀ | ⊀ | ⊀ | not precedes | not precedes |
⋫ | ⋫ | ⋫ | not rt triangle | not right triangle |
⋭ | ⋭ | ⋭ | not r tri, eq | not right tri, equals |
⊁ | ⊁ | ⊁ | not succeeds | not succeeds |
≁ | ≁ | ≁ | not similar | not similar |
≄ | ≄ | ≄ | not similar, equals | not similar, equals |
∤ | ∤ | ∤ | nshortmid | not short mid |
⊄ | ⊄ | ⊄ | not subset | not subset |
⊈ | ⊈ | ⊈ | not subset, dbl eq | not subset, equals |
⫅̸ | ⊈ | ⊈ | not subset, dbl eq | not subset, double equals |
⊅ | ⊅ | ⊅ | not superset | not superset |
⫆̸ | ⊉ | ⊉ | not superset, equals | not superset, double equals |
⊉ | ⊉ | ⊉ | not superset, equals | not superset, equals |
⊬ | ⊬ | ⊬ | not vertical, dash | not vertical, dash |
⊭ | ⊭ | ⊭ | not vertical, dbl dash | not vertical, double dash |
⊯ | ⊯ | ⊯ | not dbl vert, dbl dash | not double vert, double dash |
⊮ | ⊮ | ⊮ | not dbl vertical, dash | not double vertical, dash |
⪹ | ⋨ | ⋨ | precedes, not approx | precedes, not approx |
⪵ | ⪵ | ⪵ | precedes, not dbl eq | precedes, not double equals |
⋨ | ⋨ | ⋨ | precedes, not approx | precedes, not similar |
⪺ | ⋩ | ⋩ | succeeds, not approx | succeeds, not approx |
⪶ | ⪶ | ⪶ | succeeds, not dbl eq | succeeds, not double equals |
⋩ | ⋩ | ⋩ | succeeds, not approx | succeeds, not similar |
⊊ | ⊊ | ⊊ | subset, not equals | subset, not equals |
⫋ | ⊊ | ⊊ | subset, not equals | subset, not double equals |
⊋ | ⊋ | ⊋ | superset, not dbl eq | superset, not equals |
⫌ | ⊋ | ⊋ | superset, not dbl eq | superset, not double equals |
Entity | Special Characters | Unicode | PubMed Displays as | Meaning |
↶ | ↶ | ↶ | left curved arrow | left curved arrow |
↷ | ↷ | ↷ | right curved arrow | right curved arrow |
⇓ | ⇓ | ⇓ | down double arrow | down double arrow |
&darr2; | ⇊ | ⇊ | two down arrows | two down arrows |
⇃ | ⇃ | ⇃ | down harpoon-left | down harpoon-left |
⇂ | ⇂ | ⇂ | down harpoon-right | down harpoon-right |
⇚ | ⇚ | ⇚ | left triple arrow | left triple arrow |
↞ | ↞ | ↞ | two head left arrow | two head left arrow |
&larr2; | ⇇ | ⇇ | two left arrows | two left arrows |
↩ | ↩ | ↩ | left arrow-hooked | left arrow-hooked |
↫ | ↫ | ↫ | left arrow-looped | left arrow-looped |
↢ | ↢ | ↢ | left arrow-tailed | left arrow-tailed |
↽ | ↽ | ↽ | left harpoon-down | left harpoon-down |
↼ | ↼ | ↼ | left harpoon-up | left harpoon-up |
⇔ | ⇔ | ⇔ | <--> | left&right double arrow |
↔ | ↔ | ↔ | <--> | left&right arrow |
&lrarr2; | ⇆ | ⇆ | left arrow over right arrow | left arrow over right arrow |
&rlarr2; | ⇄ | ⇄ | right arrow over left arrow | right arrow over left arrow |
↭ | ↭ | ↭ | left and right squig arrow | left&right arrow-wavy |
&rlhar2; | ⇌ | ⇌ | right harpoon over left harpoon | right harp over left |
&lrhar2; | ⇋ | ⇋ | left harpoon over right harpoon | left harp over right |
↰ | ↰ | ↰ | Lsh | Lsh |
↦ | ↦ | ↦ | mapsto | maps to |
⊸ | ⊸ | ⊸ | multimap | multi map |
↗ | ↗ | ↗ | NE pointing arrow | near pointing arrow |
⇍ | ⇍ | ⇍ | not implied by | not Left arrow; not implied by |
↚ | ↚ | ↚ | not left arrow | not left arrow |
⇎ | ⇎ | ⇎ | not l&r dbl arr | not left&right double arrow |
↮ | ↮ | ↮ | not l&r arrow | not left&right arrow |
↛ | ↛ | ↛ | not right arrow | not right arrow |
⇏ | ⇏ | ⇏ | not implies | not implies |
↖ | ↖ | ↖ | NW pointing arrow | NW pointing arrow |
↺ | ↺ | ↺ | left arrow in circle | left arrow in circle |
↻ | ↻ | ↻ | right arrow in circle | right arrow in circle |
⇛ | ⇛ | ⇛ | right triple arrow | right triple arrow |
↠ | ↠ | ↠ | two head right arrow | two head rightarrow |
&rarr2; | ⇉ | ⇉ | two right arrows | two right arrows |
↪ | ↪ | ↪ | right arrow-hooked | right arrow-hooked |
↬ | ↬ | ↬ | right arrow-looped | right arrow-looped |
↣ | ↣ | ↣ | right arrow-tailed | right arrow-tailed |
↝ | ⇝ | ⇝ | right arrow-wavy | right arrow-wavy |
⇁ | ⇁ | ⇁ | right harpoon-down | right harpoon-down |
⇀ | ⇀ | ⇀ | right harpoon-up | right harpoon-up |
↱ | ↱ | ↱ | Rsh | Rsh |
&drarr; | ↘ | ↘ | SE pointing arrow | downward right arrow |
&dlarr; | ↙ | ↙ | SW pointing arrow | downward left arrow |
⇑ | ⇑ | ⇑ | up dbl arrow | up double arrow |
&uarr2; | ⇈ | ⇈ | two up arrows | two up arrows |
⇕ | ⇕ | ⇕ | up and down dbl arrow | up&down double arrow |
↕ | ↕ | ↕ | up and down arrow | up&down arrow |
↿ | ↿ | ↿ | up harpoon-left | up harpoon-left |
↾ | ↾ | ↾ | up harp-right | up harp-right |
Entity | Special Characters | Unicode | PubMed Displays as | Meaning |
а | а | а | small a, Cyrillic | small a, Cyrillic |
А | А | А | capital A, Cyrillic | capital A, Cyrillic |
б | б | б | small be, Cyrillic | small be, Cyrillic |
Б | Б | Б | capital BE, Cyrillic | capital BE, Cyrillic |
в | в | в | small ve, Cyrillic | small ve, Cyrillic |
В | В | В | capital VE, Cyrillic | capital VE, Cyrillic |
г | г | г | small ghe, Cyrillic | small ghe, Cyrillic |
Г | Г | Г | capital GHE, Cyrillic | capital GHE, Cyrillic |
д | д | д | small de, Cyrillic | small de, Cyrillic |
Д | Д | Д | capital DE, Cyrillic | capital DE, Cyrillic |
е | е | е | small ie, Cyrillic | small ie, Cyrillic |
Е | Е | Е | capital IE, Cyrillic | capital IE, Cyrillic |
ё | ё | ё | small io, Russian | small io, Russian |
Ё | Ё | Ё | capital IO, Russian | capital IO, Russian |
ж | ж | ж | small zhe, Cyrillic | small zhe, Cyrillic |
Ж | Ж | Ж | capital ZHE, Cyrillic | capital ZHE, Cyrillic |
з | з | з | small ze, Cyrillic | small ze, Cyrillic |
З | З | З | capital ZE, Cyrillic | capital ZE, Cyrillic |
и | и | и | small i, Cyrillic | small i, Cyrillic |
И | И | И | capital I, Cyrillic | capital I, Cyrillic |
й | й | й | small short i, Cyrillic | small short i, Cyrillic |
Й | Й | Й | capital short I, Cyrillic | capital short I, Cyrillic |
к | к | к | small ka, Cyrillic | small ka, Cyrillic |
К | К | К | capital KA, Cyrillic | capital KA, Cyrillic |
л | л | л | small el, Cyrillic | small el, Cyrillic |
Л | Л | Л | capital EL, Cyrillic | capital EL, Cyrillic |
м | м | м | small em, Cyrillic | small em, Cyrillic |
М | М | М | capital EM, Cyrillic | capital EM, Cyrillic |
н | н | н | small en, Cyrillic | small en, Cyrillic |
Н | Н | Н | capital EN, Cyrillic | capital EN, Cyrillic |
о | о | о | small o, Cyrillic | small o, Cyrillic |
О | О | О | capital O, Cyrillic | capital O, Cyrillic |
п | п | п | small pe, Cyrillic | small pe, Cyrillic |
П | П | П | capital PE, Cyrillic | capital PE, Cyrillic |
р | р | р | small er, Cyrillic | small er, Cyrillic |
Р | Р | Р | capital ER, Cyrillic | capital ER, Cyrillic |
с | с | с | small es, Cyrillic | small es, Cyrillic |
С | С | С | capital ES, Cyrillic | capital ES, Cyrillic |
т | т | т | small te, Cyrillic | small te, Cyrillic |
Т | Т | Т | capital TE, Cyrillic | capital TE, Cyrillic |
у | у | у | small u, Cyrillic | small u, Cyrillic |
У | У | У | capital U, Cyrillic | capital U, Cyrillic |
ф | ф | ф | small ef, Cyrillic | small ef, Cyrillic |
Ф | Ф | Ф | capital EF, Cyrillic | capital EF, Cyrillic |
х | х | х | small ha, Cyrillic | small ha, Cyrillic |
Х | Х | Х | capital HA, Cyrillic | capital HA, Cyrillic |
ц | ц | ц | small tse, Cyrillic | small tse, Cyrillic |
Ц | Ц | Ц | capital TSE, Cyrillic | capital TSE, Cyrillic |
ч | ч | ч | small che, Cyrillic | small che, Cyrillic |
Ч | Ч | Ч | capital CHE, Cyrillic | capital CHE, Cyrillic |
ш | ш | ш | small sha, Cyrillic | small sha, Cyrillic |
Ш | Ш | Ш | capital SHA, Cyrillic | capital SHA, Cyrillic |
щ | щ | щ | small shcha, Cyrillic | small shcha, Cyrillic |
Щ | Щ | Щ | capital SHCHA, Cyrillic | capital SHCHA, Cyrillic |
ъ | ъ | ъ | small hard sign, Cyrillic | small hard sign, Cyrillic |
Ъ | Ъ | Ъ | capital HARD sign, Cyrillic | capital HARD sign, Cyrillic |
ы | ы | ы | small yeru, Cyrillic | small yeru, Cyrillic |
Ы | Ы | Ы | capital YERU, Cyrillic | capital YERU, Cyrillic |
ь | ь | ь | small soft sign, Cyrillic | small soft sign, Cyrillic |
Ь | Ь | Ь | capital SOFT sign, Cyrillic | capital SOFT sign, Cyrillic |
э | э | э | small e, Cyrillic | small e, Cyrillic |
Э | Э | Э | capital E, Cyrillic | capital E, Cyrillic |
ю | ю | ю | small yu, Cyrillic | small yu, Cyrillic |
Ю | Ю | Ю | capital YU, Cyrillic | capital YU, Cyrillic |
я | я | я | small ya, Cyrillic | small ya, Cyrillic |
Я | Я | Я | capital YA, Cyrillic | capital YA, Cyrillic |
№ | № | № | numero sign | numero sign |
Entity | Special Characters | Unicode | PubMed Displays as | Meaning |
─ | ─ | ─ | horizontal line | horizontal line |
│ | │ | │ | vertical line | vertical line |
└ | └ | └ | upper right quadrant | upper right quadrant |
┘ | ┘ | ┘ | upper left quadrant | upper left quadrant |
┐ | ┐ | ┐ | lower left quadrant | lower left quadrant |
┌ | ┌ | ┌ | lower right quadrant | lower right quadrant |
├ | ├ | ├ | upper and lower right quadrants | upper and lower right quadrants |
┴ | ┴ | ┴ | upper left and right quadrants | upper left and right quadrants |
┤ | ┤ | ┤ | upper and lower left quadrants | upper and lower left quadrants |
┬ | ┬ | ┬ | lower left and right quadrants | lower left and right quadrants |
┼ | ┼ | ┼ | all four quadrants | all four quadrants |
╞ | ╞ | ╞ | upper and lower right quadrants | upper and lower right quadrants |
╨ | ╨ | ╨ | upper left and right quadrants | upper left and right quadrants |
╡ | ╡ | ╡ | upper and lower left quadrants | upper and lower left quadrants |
╥ | ╥ | ╥ | lower left and right quadrants | lower left and right quadrants |
╪ | ╪ | ╪ | all four quadrants | all four quadrants |
═ | ═ | ═ | horizontal line | horizontal line |
║ | ║ | ║ | vertical line | vertical line |
╚ | ╚ | ╚ | upper right quadrant | upper right quadrant |
╝ | ╝ | ╝ | upper left quadrant | upper left quadrant |
╗ | ╗ | ╗ | lower left quadrant | lower left quadrant |
╔ | ╔ | ╔ | lower right quadrant | lower right quadrant |
╠ | ╠ | ╠ | upper and lower right quadrants | upper and lower right quadrants |
╩ | ╩ | ╩ | upper left and right quadrants | upper left and right quadrants |
╣ | ╣ | ╣ | upper and lower left quadrants | upper and lower left quadrants |
╦ | ╦ | ╦ | lower left and right quadrants | lower left and right quadrants |
╬ | ╬ | ╬ | all four quadrants | all four quadrants |
╟ | ╟ | ╟ | upper and lower right quadrants | upper and lower right quadrants |
╧ | ╧ | ╧ | upper left and right quadrants | upper left and right quadrants |
╢ | ╢ | ╢ | upper and lower left quadrants | upper and lower left quadrants |
╤ | ╤ | ╤ | lower left and right quadrants | lower left and right quadrants |
╫ | ╫ | ╫ | all four quadrants | all four quadrants |
╘ | ╘ | ╘ | upper right quadrant | upper right quadrant |
╜ | ╜ | ╜ | upper left quadrant | upper left quadrant |
╕ | ╕ | ╕ | lower left quadrant | lower left quadrant |
╓ | ╓ | ╓ | lower right quadrant | lower right quadrant |
╙ | ╙ | ╙ | upper right quadrant | upper right quadrant |
╛ | ╛ | ╛ | upper left quadrant | upper left quadrant |
╖ | ╖ | ╖ | lower left quadrant | lower left quadrant |
╒ | ╒ | ╒ | lower right quadrant | lower right quadrant |